What are the neuropharmacological mechanisms through which cannabinoids exert their anxiolytic effects?
What are the neuropharmacological mechanisms through which cannabinoids exert their anxiolytic effects? Cannabinoids exert anxiolytic effects primarily through their interaction with the endocannabinoid system, particularly cannabinoid receptors in the brain, such as CB1 receptors. Activation of these receptors modulates neurotransmitter release, leading to alterations in anxiety-related pathways, including reduced activity in the amygdala and increased activity in the prefrontal cortex. Cannabinoids may also enhance the availability of the endocannabinoid anandamide, further contributing to their anxiolytic effects. Additionally, cannabinoids may influence the serotonin system, promoting mood stabilization and reducing anxiety symptoms. Understanding these neuropharmacological mechanisms can guide the development of targeted cannabinoid therapies for anxiety disorders (Wilkinson et al., 2020).